Regenerative dental procedures have a long history, originating around 1952. Furthermore, the chemotaxisbased approach, cell homing, is a novel idea for dental pulp tissue engineering and may offer a clinically translatable methodology. Introduction recent advances in tissue engineering have dr awn scientists to test the possibility of tooth engineering and regeneration. Tissue engineering is the science of design and manufacture of new tissues to replace lost parts because of diseases including cancer and trauma. Pdf dental pulp stem cells in regenerative dentistry. Dental pulp tissue engineering using mesenchymal stem. Frontiers in bioscience e3, 788800, january 1, 2011. The dental pulp is infiltrated by a network of blood vessels and nerve. Pdf dental pulp is a highly specialized mesenchymal tissue that has a limited regeneration capacity due to anatomical arrangement and.
Stem cells in dental pulp of deciduous teeth tissue. Dental pulp tissue engineering using mesenchymal stem cells. Many studies have investigated the use of human dental pulp stem cells and stem cells isolated from the dental pulp of human exfoliated deciduous teeth for bone tissue engineering in vivo. The application of tissue engineering to regeneration of pulp and. Dental pulp tissue exposed to mechanical trauma or cariogenic process results in root canal andor periapical infections, and conventionally treated with root canal procedures. A novel strategy to engineer prevascularized fulllength. Current advance and future prospects of tissue engineering. Dental pulp is a highly vascularized, innervated, unmineralized connective tissue that occupies a chamber and long canal in the center of a semipermeable tissue.
Odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells. Pdf extracellular matrix of dental pulp stem cells. Braz dent j 221 2011 dental pulp tissue engineering 3 introduction the dental pulp is a highly specialized mesenchymal tissue characterized by the presence. T he tooth is a small but complex organ comprised of different mineralized matrices that enclose a soft connective tissue termed dental pulp. Dental pulp tissue engineering in fulllength human root canals. Biological approaches toward dental pulp regeneration by. For dentinpulp tissue engineering dental stem cells searched till. Dental tissue cells with dental tissue cells with muscle tissue formation impart ecm architecture tooth eruption remodeling alter ecm architecture disease processes contracture healing wound closure tissue engineering contraction of scaffolds findings to date enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulpderivedderived. Dental pulp from deciduous baby teeth, which are discarded after exfoliation, represents an advantageous source of young stem cells. The dental pulp has the characteristic of being exclusively the nonmineralized part of a mineralized tooth. Dental tissue cells with dental tissue cells with muscle tissue formation impart ecm architecture tooth eruption remodeling alter ecm architecture disease processes contracture healing wound closure tissue engineering contraction of scaffolds findings to date enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulp derivedderived.
His research focuses on the repair and regeneration of mineralized tissues and the behaviour and therapeutic use of dental pulp stem cells. Dental pulp is a connective tissue pocket dentistry. Regenerative endodontics instead seeks to replace live tissue in the pulp chamber. Cellfree approaches for dental pulp tissue engineering. For tissue engineering strategies, the choice of an appropriate. Dental pulp stem cells and tissue engineering strategies for. The dental pulp is a highly specialized mesenchymal tissue characterized by the presence of odontoblasts and by the fact that it is surrounded by a rigid mineralized tissue 1.
The application of tissue engineering to regeneration of pulp and dentin in endodontics. A customized selfassembling peptide hydrogel for dental pulp. The contraction of collagen gel matrix cultured with pulp cells for 14 days was significantly. Dental pulp tissue engineering by empresa uniser issuu. Since the dental papilla is the precursor tissue for radicular pulp, it is possible that scap convert into dpsc, and therefore scap may constitute a population of earlier stem cells 40. Dpscs dental pulp stem cells 10 sheds stem cells from humanexfoliated deciduous teeth 11 pdlscs periodontal ligament stem cells 12.
Current and future views on pulpal tissue engineering. Its manifold functions include providing tooth vitality and sensibility, keeping the dentin moisturized, exerting immune defense, and depositing reparative dentin as a protective mechanism against mechanical stimuli or bacterial noxa. Attempts to regenerate pulp tissue have been a long quest. The aim of this study is to establish a protocol for in vitro culture the human dental pulp stem cells to apply in tissue engineering.
Chai, in biomaterials for oral and dental tissue engineering, 2017. The pulp is a part of the dentin pulp complex endodontium. Advances in vital pulp therapy with pulp stemprogenitor cells might give impetus to regenerate dentin pulp complex without the removal of the whole pulp. May 26, 2018 this method is a powerful tool for elucidating the processes of dental pulp tissue regeneration following implantation of mscs. Dental pulp tissue engineering using cells from pulp tissues was first tested by mooneys groups, who obtained fibroblasts from human adult dental pulps and multiplied them in culture. According to this study, the results were as follows. Frontiers in bioscience e3, 788800, january 1, 2011 dental.
Pdf basics of dentinpulp tissue engineering researchgate. The pulp is the part in the center of a tooth made up of living connective tissue and cells called odontoblasts. Dental pulp tissue engineering and regenerative endodontic. To overcome the current unsolved problems of pulpdentin tissue regeneration, dental tissue engineering has adopted the use of various. Regenerative endodontics is the extension of root canal therapy. Bioactive cues can be adsorbed, fastened, or encapsulated in biomaterials. Review article current advance and future prospects of tissue. May 03, 2014 since the dental papilla is the precursor tissue for radicular pulp, it is possible that scap convert into dpsc, and therefore scap may constitute a population of earlier stem cells 40. Jun 12, 2017 dental pulp is a highly vascularized, innervated, unmineralized connective tissue that occupies a chamber and long canal in the center of a semipermeable tissue structure constituted of dentin. Suitability of different natural and synthetic biomaterials. Odontoblasts are the most distinctive cells of the pulp. Despite its exciting potential, experts agree it is premature to consider dental pulp stem cells as a source of. Review article current advance and future prospects of tissue engineering approach to dentin pulp regenerative therapy tinggong, 1 boonchinheng, 1 edwardchinmanlo, 2 andchengfeizhang 1,3 comprehensive dental care, endodontics, faculty of dentistry, e university of. Biomaterials for oral and dental tissue engineering 1st edition.
The choice of harvesting site might influence the cells abilities to modulate immunologic and inflammatory responses. After plating at a low density, dpscs are able to attach to the culture dish and form a single. Tissue engineering is the science of design and manufacture of new tissues to replace lost parts because of. Notably, the pulp tissue engineered with shed injected with either. Injury or infection of adult dental pulp often necessitates root canal therapy. Among these tissues, the dental pulp is considered a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells that are suitable for tissue engineering applications. Tissue engineering of dental pulp on type i collagen.
Tissue engineering and regeneration in dentistry wiley. Dental caries affects approximately 90% of the worlds population. Dental pulp represents a promising and easily accessible source of mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. Study on culture of human dental pulp stem cells to apply. Selecting most effective materials for dental pulp tissue engineering 23 august 2017 credit. The vitality of the dentin pulp complex, both during health and after injury, depends on pulp cell activity and the signaling processes that regulate the cells behavior. Review article current advance and future prospects of. Herein, we discuss the methods of deciduous teeth stem cell dtsc isolation and cultivation. Moony and rutherford 68 led the first team that initiated the testing of pulp tissue engineering 11. The more recent regenerative endodontic procedure intends to achieve effective root canal disinfection and adequate pulp dentin tissue regeneration.
Stem cell approaches to dental tissue engineering and. Dentin pulp complex formation with optimal orientation for clinical application of regenerative therapy. Tissue engineering can potentially solve this problem by enabling regeneration of a functional pulp tissue. In conclusion, natural materials, especially fibrin, proved to be superior compared to synthetic scaffolds regarding cell viability and dental pulplike tissue formation. These scaffolds provide surfaces that facilitate the response of stem cells related to attachment, survival, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Adv dent res 233 2011 scaffolds for dental pulp tissue engineering 335 i and iii, alginate, and chitosan rendered best results in terms of proliferation and mineralization activity on type i collagen. Although dental pulp has been classified as a loose connective tissue, several unique properties such as the presence of odontoblasts, absence of histaminereleasing mast cells, tissue confinement in a hard cavity with little collateral circulation, and vascular access limited to the root apex are the features that distinguish pulp tissue from other connective tissues dummett and kopel 2002.
With the advent of modern tissue engineering concept and the discovery of dental stem cells, regeneration of pulp and dentin has been tested. Dental pulp is the soft tissue located in the center of the tooth, and it is surrounded by dentin. Pdf download for scaffolds for dental pulp tissue engineering, open epub. Human premolar and impacted third molars were collected and disinfected. The pulp tissue con tains stemprogenitor cells that potentially differentiate into odontoblasts in response to bone morphogenetic proteins bmps. Stem cell approaches to dental tissue engineering and regenerative dentistry a special issue journal published by hindawi regenerative dentistry is one branch of regenerative medicine aimed at replacing damaged oral tissues e. In vitro response of dental pulp stem cells in 3d scaffolds. Contraction dynamics of dental pulp cell rod microtissues. Cultured human dental pulp and gingival fibroblasts adhere to biodegradable scaffolds, and proliferate and differentiate in vitro 5,6 and in vivo 7.
At present, the clinical treatment for dental caries is root canal therapy. Dental pulp is an unmineralized oral tissue composed of soft connective tissue, vascular, lymphatic and nervous elements that occupies the central pulp cavity of each tooth. Pdf regeneration is reconstruction of a tissue with the shape and function. Biomaterials for oral and dental tissue engineering examines the combined impact of materials, advanced techniques and applications of engineered oral tissues. Selecting most effective materials for dental pulp tissue. This approach could overcome one of the most common constraints in pulp regeneration strategies, namely the lack of perfusion at the periphery of newly implanted pulp tissue, which hinders fulllength pulp regeneration. However, the complete ramifications of such developments to dentistry are far from being understood.
Regenerative endodontic by application tissue engineering. Polymeric scaffolds for dental pulp tissue engineering. With a strong focus on hard and soft intraoral tissues, the book looks at how biomaterials can be manipulated and engineered to create functional oral tissue for use in restorative dentistry, periodontics, endodontics and prosthodontics. Mesenchymal stem cells mscs are now fully recognised as the principle cell population ultimately responsible for the synthesis of the collagenous connective tissue, including dentine and bone. Following the tissue engineering approach, this includes 1 a bioactive scaffold, 2 growth and differentiation factors from dentin, and 3 the recruitment of stem. Jcm free fulltext pulpdentin tissue healing response. Dental pulp tissue engineering may allow for the completion and reinforcement of the tooth structure, potentially enhancing the longterm outcome of these necrotic teeth. His research focuses on the repair and regeneration of mineralized tissues and the behaviour and therapeutic use of dental pulp. Figure 2 from the application of tissue engineering to. After external mechanical, chemical or bacterial stimulation, the odontoblasts located around the dental pulp and connected with the prophase dentin undergo degeneration, while hdpscs differentiate into odontoblasts, forming the restorative dentin, protecting the pulp, and playing the defensive function. The use of human dental pulp stem cells for in vivo bone. Implantation of dental pulp stem cells in a biodegradable scaffold for dental pulp tissue engineering by alexandra jaquery, dds a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in restorative dentistry at the university of. Recently, dental pulp has been shown to contain a stem cell niche consisting of dental pulp stem cells dpscs that maintain their selfrenewal capacity due to the active environment in the dental pulp of deciduous teeth. Current and future perspectives for dentinpulp tissue.
The application of tissue engineering to regeneration of pulp. In addition, the synthetic materials currently utilized to replace lost tooth structure are not capable of completely replacing the function of the lost tissue, and often fail over time. Tissue engineering approaches for enamel, dentin, and pulp. Keywords dental pulp regeneration, dental tissue engineering, regenerative endodontics, scaff olds correspondence dr. Pisciolaro rl, duailibi mt, novo nf, juliano y, pallos d, yelick pc et al 2015 tooth tissue engineering. Nov 16, 2015 although dental pulp has been classified as a loose connective tissue, several unique properties such as the presence of odontoblasts, absence of histaminereleasing mast cells, tissue confinement in a hard cavity with little collateral circulation, and vascular access limited to the root apex are the features that distinguish pulp tissue from other connective tissues dummett and kopel 2002. The standard treatment modality for teeth with irreversibly damaged dental pulp is root canal therapy, which involves complete removal of the soft tissue and. Escs are derived from the inner cell mass of the preimplantation blastocyst 14. The application of tissue engineering to regeneration of. When transplanted in tooth slicescaffolds, these cells generate a pulplike tissue 24 and differentiate into functional odontoblasts and vascular endothelial cells. Threedimensionalporous scaffolds of bone graft substitutes play a critical role in both cell targeting and transplantation strategies. Dental pulp is a vital and vascularized tissue which provides formation, nutrition, protection, and restoration characteristics to teeth.
Due to the great benefits that the use of dpscs can generate for the treatment of bone injuries and bone congenital malformations several in vitro studies have been conducted to investigate the potential use of dental pulp stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications. Dental pulp stem cells dpscs have been shown to be an excellent source for. Dental pulp cell research might open a promising application in tooth tissue regeneration. Table 1 from the application of tissue engineering to. In the current endodontic procedures, the infected pulp is removed and replaced by synthetic materials, resulting in physiologically nonvital teeth. Dental pulp is a highly specialized mesenchymal tissue that has a limited regeneration capacity due to anatomical arrangement and postmitotic nature of odontoblastic cells. This tissue is surrounded by a robust shelllike complex structure that includes dentin and enamel in the crown and cementum in the root. The tubular dentin pulp complex can be transplanted on the exposed or amputated pulp in the cavity. A customized selfassembling peptide hydrogel for dental pulp tissue engineering. This method is a powerful tool for elucidating the processes of dental pulp tissue regeneration following implantation of mscs. Dental pulp mscs are heterogeneous in nature, partly due to the prediction that they fall into a hierarchical order of cell types that is seen in so. This treatment results in loss of tooth sensitivity and vitality.
Sloan is professor in bone biology and tissue engineering and current vicedean of research and international at the school of dentistry, cardiff university, uk. The clinical translation of stemcellbased dental pulp regeneration will require the use of injectable scaffolds. This has led to a paradigm shift in endodontic treatment from simply filling the root canal systems with biologically inert materials to restoring the infected dental pulp with functional replacement tissues. Research advances in tissue regeneration by dental pulp stem. Easily share your publications and get them in front of issuus. Dental pulp tissues can be easily collected from clinically extracted human teeth and the individual cells can be enzymatically released from the pulp tissue gronthos et al. In the current endodontic procedures, the infected pulp is removed and replaced by synthetic materials, resulting in physiologically nonvital teeth with high vulnerability to discoloration and fracture. Cellfree approaches for dental pulp tissue engineering journal. The pulp stem cells are transduced with bmp gene and attached to a defined scaffold to differentiate into odontoblasts.
Seeding of human dental pulp stem cells in a biodegradable scaffold within the pulp chamber of a human tooth slice allows for the engineering of a tissue with cellularity similar to the dental pulp. Minced pulp tissue has been used as a source of mesenchymal stem cells msc for tissue. Dental pulp tissue engineering is an emerging field that can potentially have a major impact on oral health. Conventional root canal therapy cleans and fills the pulp chamber with biologically inert material after destruction of the pulp due to dental caries, congenital deformity or trauma. This terminates dentin formation and subsequent tooth maturation. Implantation of dental pulp stem cells in a biodegradable. It is known that dental pulp stem cells have the potential to differentiate into several cell types, including odontoblasts, neural progenitors, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. Introduction the tooth is an organ, which is as important as other skeletal tissues such as, bone and cartilage. Thus, the development of improved vasculogenesis strategies is an important challenge in. Pdf dental pulp tissue engineering jacques nor and. Dental pulp stem cells and tissue engineering strategies. Colleagues excellence american association of endodontists.
Fibrin appeared most suitable to enable generation of a pulplike tissue and differentiation of cells into odontoblasts at the celldentin interface. Present and future of tissue engineering scaffolds for dentin. Dental pulp and dentin tissue engineering and regeneration. The dental pulp pdf biology pathology and regenerative. Alginatehydroxyapatitebased nanocomposite scaffolds for.
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